SOUTH
Discovering Israel's South
Where Desert Meets Water
The South of Israel is uniquely blessed with access to two of the world's most remarkable bodies of water, each offering a completely different aquatic experience:
The Red Sea (Eilat): At the southernmost tip of Israel lies Eilat, a vibrant resort city nestled on the shores of the Red Sea. Here, the desert meets an aquatic wonderland. Dive into the warm, crystal-clear waters, which teem with an astounding array of vibrant coral reefs and kaleidoscopic marine life. It's a world-class destination for snorkeling and scuba diving, where you can effortlessly float above breathtaking underwater gardens. Even if you're not a diver, glass-bottom boat tours offer a fantastic way to glimpse this spectacular underwater world. Eilat is also a hub for watersports, duty-free shopping, and a relaxed, sun-soaked vacation vibe.
The Dead Sea: Drive north from Eilat (or south from Jerusalem), and you'll reach the surreal landscapes of the Dead Sea, the lowest point on Earth. This hyper-saline lake offers an unparalleled sensation: effortless floating. The mineral-rich waters and therapeutic mud are renowned for their health and beauty benefits, making it a popular destination for relaxation and rejuvenation. Slather yourself in the dark, healing mud, then drift weightlessly on the water's surface – it's an experience unlike any other. Remember to keep the water out of your eyes and any cuts!
History Carved in Stone and Sand
The Negev Desert, despite its remote feel, has been a vital trade route and a cradle of civilization for millennia. Its arid conditions have miraculously preserved an incredible array of ancient wonders.
Masada Fortress: Perched dramatically atop an isolated rock plateau overlooking the Dead Sea, Masada is an iconic symbol of ancient Jewish heroism. Ascend by foot (for the sunrise hike – highly recommended!) or cable car to explore King Herod's opulent palaces, ancient Roman siege camps, and the poignant history of the Jewish rebels who made their last stand here. The panoramic views from the summit are simply breathtaking.
Nabataean Cities: Explore the remarkable ruins of Avdat and Shivta, ancient Nabataean cities that once thrived as bustling stops on the Incense Route. These UNESCO World Heritage sites offer a fascinating glimpse into the ingenuity of a desert-dwelling civilization, with their advanced water collection systems, intricate architecture, and well-preserved churches and streets.
Tel Be'er Sheva: This archaeological mound marks the site of the biblical city of Beersheba, a UNESCO site that showcases fascinating early urban planning and water systems, offering a deeper dive into the region's ancient past.
Desert Adventures
For the adventurous at heart, the Negev is a natural playground offering unique outdoor experiences:
Timna Park: Just north of Eilat, Timna Park is a geological marvel. Hike through its dramatic canyons, marvel at the towering, strangely shaped rock formations like Solomon's Pillars, and discover ancient copper mines dating back thousands of years. The vibrant, multi-hued rock formations create a truly stunning backdrop for exploration.
Mitzpe Ramon and the Ramon Crater: Prepare to be awestruck by the Ramon Crater (Makhtesh Ramon), the largest erosion cirque in the world. This colossal geological phenomenon offers unparalleled views and incredible hiking trails that descend into its vast, colorful expanse. The town of Mitzpe Ramon, perched on its northern rim, is a hub for desert activities, including jeep tours, camel rides, and rappelling.
Stargazing: With minimal light pollution, the Negev offers some of the most spectacular stargazing opportunities on Earth. Find a quiet spot away from any towns, and prepare to be mesmerized by the sheer brilliance of the Milky Way. Many desert camps offer special stargazing programs.
Desert Lodges and Glamping: To truly immerse yourself in the desert experience, consider staying at a unique desert lodge, a Bedouin tent, or a glamping site. These accommodations offer incredible hospitality, often with traditional meals and a chance to experience the desert at night.
The Negev promises a unique and unforgettable experience for any traveler – a journey into a landscape that is both ancient and ever-changing, challenging and profoundly beautiful.
Journey south in Israel, and you'll find yourself in a world utterly distinct from the bustling North or central metropolises. This is the Negev Desert, a vast, sun-drenched expanse that makes up more than half of the country's landmass. Far from being a barren wasteland, the Negev is a captivating tapestry of natural wonders, ancient history, and unexpected oases, offering an experience that is both profoundly serene and thrillingly adventurous.
The South's Unique Character: Silence and Space
The overriding vibe of Israel's South is one of raw, untamed beauty and profound tranquility. Here, the endless desert vistas inspire a sense of awe and quiet contemplation. It's a place where you can truly disconnect from the noise of daily life and reconnect with nature on a grand scale. The air is crisp, the skies are impossibly clear, and the feeling of wide-open space is invigorating.
Despite its arid nature, the Negev is surprisingly diverse. You'll encounter dramatic geological formations, hidden oases, innovative desert agriculture, and communities that thrive in harmony with their environment. The pace of life here is slower, dictated by the rhythms of the sun and the vastness of the landscape. It's an invitation to slow down, breathe deeply, and explore.
Public Transport south region
Exploring the vast and diverse landscapes of Southern Israel, from the therapeutic Dead Sea to the vibrant Red Sea resort of Eilat and the dramatic Negev Desert, requires a thoughtful approach to transportation. Unlike the more compact urban centers of Jerusalem or Tel Aviv, distances here can be significant, and public transport schedules are often less frequent. Planning ahead is key to maximizing your adventure, especially during Shabbat (Friday afternoon/sunset until Saturday nightfall), when most public services cease.
Buses
While trains cover central and northern Israel, buses are the primary mode of public transportation connecting cities and sites throughout the South. The national bus company, Egged, operates most intercity routes, offering an affordable way to reach major destinations like Eilat, Beer Sheva, and even locations along the Dead Sea.
Intercity Travel: Direct bus lines, such as the popular Egged Route 444 (Jerusalem-Eilat) or Route 421 (Tel Aviv-Dead Sea), provide connections between major hubs and attractions. Be prepared for journeys that can take several hours due to the distances involved.
Payment & Planning: As across Israel, cash payments are not accepted on buses. You must use a loaded Rav-Kav card. Purchase and load your card at central bus stations or convenience stores. Utilizing apps like Moovit is crucial for checking real-time schedules, planning routes, and confirming stops, as services can be less frequent in rural areas.
Operating Hours: Always verify bus schedules, especially for destinations in the remote South. Services are significantly reduced or non-existent during Shabbat and Jewish holidays.
Tips for Tourists: For long journeys, consider booking your bus tickets in advance, especially during peak seasons or holidays, to ensure a seat. Keep snacks and water handy, as stops can be limited. While buses are budget-friendly, their routes may not always lead directly to hiking trailheads or remote desert attractions, requiring additional arrangements.
Renting a Car
Given the vast distances and often remote nature of Southern Israel's most breathtaking sites, private transportation often emerges as the most flexible and rewarding option for tourists.
Renting a Car: This is arguably the best way to experience the South's diverse landscapes and hidden gems at your own pace. Major car rental agencies operate at Ben Gurion Airport, in Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, and Eilat.
Benefits: A rental car provides unparalleled freedom to explore hiking trails, desert lookouts, archaeological sites, and unique accommodations off the main bus routes. Roads in Israel are generally well-maintained, and signs are in Hebrew, Arabic, and English.
Considerations: Be aware of toll roads (like Route 6, though less common in the deep South) and parking in cities. Ensure your rental agreement covers all planned destinations.
Taxis
Taxis offer a convenient door-to-door service, particularly useful for shorter distances, late-night travel, or when public transport isn't operating. In the South, taxis are readily available in cities like Eilat and Be'er Sheva.
Availability: You can typically hail taxis in urban centers, find them at designated stands (e.g., outside central bus stations or hotels in Eilat), or book via popular apps.
Using Apps: For the best experience and fare transparency, download ride-hailing apps like Gett or Yango. These apps allow you to see the estimated cost upfront, pay securely, and track your driver, providing peace of mind, especially in unfamiliar areas.
Fares & Meters: Always insist that the driver uses the meter (called a "moneh") unless you've agreed upon a fixed price beforehand. Fares will be higher for night trips (9 PM - 5:30 AM), Shabbat, and Jewish holidays (a 25% surcharge is typical).
Tips for Tourists: While useful for quick transfers within towns, taxis for long-distance travel between scattered attractions in the Negev (e.g., from Mitzpe Ramon to Timna Park) can become very expensive. For more remote areas, availability might be limited, making pre-booking or alternative arrangements essential.
Israel Public Transport Calendar – Check Holiday & Weekend Service
Planning to travel around Israel? Use this interactive calendar to check if public transportation (buses, trains, sheruts) is operating on your selected date. The tool highlights Shabbat, Jewish holidays, and special closures so you can avoid surprises and plan ahead. Whether you're visiting Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, or the north, this is the easiest way to know if transport is running in Israel today. Ideal for tourists, pilgrims, and independent travelers.
Public Transportation in Israel
Holiday & Weekend Checker
Transportation
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Moovit
Public Transit Guide
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Israel Airports Authority
Airport Information
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Israel Railway
Schedules and Updates
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Egged Bus Company
Schedules and Updates
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Dan Bus Company
Schedules and Updates
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Bus.co.il
Public transportation information
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Cfir
Light Rail Jerusalem
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Rav-Kav
Transportation Card
Get to know the region
All of Israel’s regions are special in their own way. Here are a few things that are unique about this one.
Eilat: Israel's Red Sea Riviera
Eilat, Israel's southernmost city, is a vibrant resort destination where the stunning Negev desert meets the crystal-clear waters of the Red Sea. Renowned for its year-round sunshine, it’s a premier spot for aquatic adventures, from leisurely swims to world-class snorkeling and diving among spectacular coral reefs. Beyond the beach, Eilat offers a bustling promenade, diverse dining, and duty-free shopping, making it a lively hub for relaxation and entertainment. Its unique location also provides access to incredible desert landscapes for hiking and jeep tours. Eilat truly provides a perfect blend of sun, sea, and desert allure.
Float in the Dead Sea
Floating effortlessly in the hypersaline waters of the Dead Sea is an iconic, otherworldly experience unlike any other. This geological wonder, the lowest point on Earth, is not just for buoyancy; its mineral-rich mud is famous for its therapeutic properties, inviting visitors to indulge in a natural spa treatment. The surreal landscape, framed by ancient mountains, adds to its unique charm and makes for unforgettable photos. While the water itself is intensely salty, designated beach areas offer easy access and facilities for a comfortable visit. It's a truly restorative and unforgettable destination for health and relaxation.
Desert City of Avdat and Shivta
Journey back in time to Avdat and Shivta, two captivating ancient Nabataean cities that once thrived as vital stops along the historic Incense Route. These UNESCO World Heritage sites showcase remarkably preserved ruins, including temples, churches, wine presses, and residential areas, offering a profound glimpse into desert civilization. Explore the intricate architecture of a bygone era, imagining the bustling trade caravans that once passed through these resilient desert communities. Their isolated beauty in the heart of the Negev provides a unique historical and archaeological adventure.
Red Canyon (Eilat Mountains)
Hike through the spectacular Red Canyon, a geological marvel nestled in the Eilat Mountains that rivals the slot canyons of the American Southwest. This accessible and family-friendly trail winds through narrow, winding gorges, revealing layers of vibrant red, orange, and purple sandstone. The sun's rays play across the sculpted walls, creating a mesmerizing display of color and shadow. The Red Canyon offers an unforgettable desert adventure, combining thrilling natural beauty with an invigorating outdoor experience just a short drive from Eilat.
Ein Gedi Nature Reserve
Discover the lush beauty of Ein Gedi Nature Reserve, a vibrant desert oasis contrasting sharply with its arid surroundings near the Dead Sea. This verdant sanctuary boasts natural springs, cascading waterfalls, and diverse hiking trails suitable for all levels of adventurers. Encounter ibex and rock hyrax, often seen grazing freely amidst the foliage, adding to the reserve's unique charm. Ein Gedi provides a refreshing escape, inviting visitors to connect with nature and explore the captivating flora and fauna of the Judean Desert.
Timna Park
Timna Park invites visitors into a dramatic desert landscape, a geological wonderland sculpted by millennia of natural forces. This vast park is famous for its striking copper-hued canyons, unique rock formations like Solomon's Pillars and the Mushroom, and ancient copper mines dating back to the Pharaonic era. Explore marked hiking trails, engage in family-friendly activities like sand-bottling, or discover ancient rock carvings. Timna offers a captivating blend of natural beauty, geological intrigue, and archaeological significance, making it an essential stop for adventurers and history enthusiasts.
Mitzpe Ramon Crater
Stand at the edge of the Mitzpe Ramon Crater (Makhtesh Ramon), the world's largest erosion cirque, and prepare to be awestruck by its sheer scale and breathtaking desert vistas. This immense geological phenomenon, often mistakenly called a crater, offers a Martian-like landscape perfect for hiking, jeep safaris, and stargazing. The charming desert town of Mitzpe Ramon, perched on its rim, serves as a hub for adventure tours and features a visitor center detailing the makhtesh's formation. It's an unparalleled destination for desert exploration and disconnecting from the everyday.
Be'er Sheva: Capital of the Negev
Discover Be'er Sheva, often hailed as the "Capital of the Negev," a vibrant city blending ancient history with modern innovation. Explore Tel Be'er Sheva, a UNESCO World Heritage site showcasing the archaeological remains of a biblical city, including its impressive water system. The city also offers a lively Bedouin market, a testament to the region's rich cultural heritage. Be'er Sheva serves as a crucial gateway to the Negev Desert, providing urban amenities alongside historical depth and a glimpse into contemporary desert life.
Masada National Park
Perched atop an isolated rock plateau overlooking the Dead Sea, Masada stands as a powerful testament to ancient Jewish heroism and unwavering defiance. This UNESCO World Heritage site, built by King Herod, tells a gripping story of a Jewish rebel stronghold's final stand against the Roman Empire. Visitors can ascend via a thrilling cable car ride or brave the historic Snake Path to explore the remarkably preserved palaces, bathhouses, and sophisticated water cisterns. The panoramic views from the summit are nothing short of breathtaking, offering a profound sense of history against a stunning desert backdrop.
Coral Reefs of the Red Sea
Dive into an underwater paradise at the Coral Beach Nature Reserve in Eilat, home to Israel's only barrier reef and one of the world's northernmost coral reefs. This protected marine park offers unparalleled snorkeling and diving opportunities, allowing visitors to explore a vibrant ecosystem teeming with colorful corals and diverse marine life. Crystal-clear waters provide excellent visibility, making it easy to spot exotic fish, sea turtles, and other fascinating creatures. It's an essential destination for ocean enthusiasts seeking an unforgettable underwater adventure.
Qumran: Dead Sea Scrolls
Explore the enigmatic ruins of Qumran, the archaeological site forever linked to one of the most significant discoveries of the 20th century: the Dead Sea Scrolls. This ancient settlement, believed to be associated with the Essenes, offers a fascinating glimpse into a reclusive community from the Second Temple period. Wander among the remnants of ritual baths, communal dining halls, and the scriptorium where it's believed some scrolls were penned. Qumran provides a profound historical and spiritual experience, connecting visitors directly to the origins of sacred texts.
Red Sea Dolphin Reef (Eilat)
Indulge in a magical encounter at the Red Sea Dolphin Reef in Eilat, a unique ecological site where visitors can observe and interact with a pod of bottlenose dolphins in their natural habitat. This special reserve allows for close-up viewing from floating pontoons, or for a truly immersive experience, you can snorkel or dive alongside these intelligent creatures. The reef offers a tranquil and ethical environment for dolphin observation, providing a memorable and heartwarming marine wildlife experience for all ages.