JERUSALEM
Welcome to Jerusalem: Your Essential Guide
Bünting map of Jerusalem 1581 ce
Jerusalem isn't just a city; it's a living, breathing tapestry of history, faith, and daily life. It can be both awe-inspiring and a little overwhelming – in the best possible way. This guide will help you get your bearings and truly soak in what makes this place so special.
Before you dive in, it’s helpful to understand a little about what you're stepping into. Jerusalem is one of the oldest cities in the world, with a history spanning thousands of years. It's considered holy by Jews, Christians, and Muslims, and this deep spiritual significance is palpable everywhere you go. This isn't just about ancient stones; it's about a vibrant, continuously evolving city where ancient traditions meet modern life. You’ll see people from all walks of life, hear a multitude of languages, and feel the pulse of centuries of human endeavor.
You can't really talk about Jerusalem without touching on its past, even if it's just a whisper. For centuries, this city has been a crossroads of civilizations and a focal point for major world religions. Empires rose and fell here, leaving their mark in the very stones. From the ancient walls of the Old City that have stood for millennia, to the layers of archaeological discoveries beneath your feet, Jerusalem breathes history. This deep historical layering is what gives the city its profound sense of place and makes every corner feel significant.
Lace Up Your Walking Shoes!
You've got the right idea – walking is truly the best way to experience Jerusalem. The city is surprisingly compact, especially the areas most tourists want to see. Think of it as a treasure hunt, with each turn revealing something new.
The Old City this is where you'll spend a good chunk of your time, and it's almost exclusively pedestrian. Its four quarters – Christian, Jewish, Muslim, and Armenian – each have their distinct character, but they all share those charming, sometimes labyrinthine, alleyways. Wear comfortable shoes, as the cobblestones and steps can be a workout. Don't be afraid to get a little lost; that's often when you stumble upon the most interesting hidden gems.
Beyond the Walls, once you step outside the Old City, modern Jerusalem opens up. While many of the key attractions are still within comfortable walking distance, like the Mahane Yehuda Market or the beautiful Rehavia neighborhood, you might want to consider other options for longer distances.
Public Transport in Jerusalem has an efficient light rail system that runs through the heart of the city, connecting many key areas. It's a great option for getting from your accommodation to the Old City, or for exploring neighborhoods in Jerusalem. Buses are also plentiful and cover the entire city. For both, consider purchasing a "Rav-Kav" card – a rechargeable public transport card that makes getting around much simpler. You can buy one at the airport, central bus station, or some train stations.
Taxis are readily available, especially in tourist areas. Make sure the meter is running, or agree on a price beforehand, especially for longer journeys. Apps like Gett (Israel's version of Uber) are also widely used and can be convenient.
Practical Tips for Your Trip
Dress Respectfully when visiting holy sites, it's always a good idea to dress modestly. This generally means covering your shoulders and knees. Carrying a light shawl or scarf is a good idea for women, as some sites may require head coverings.
Hydrate! Especially if you're visiting in the warmer months, it’s crucial to drink plenty of water. You’ll be doing a lot of walking, and the sun can be strong. Best Time to Visit Israel
Shabbat: Keep in mind that from Friday afternoon until Saturday evening, Shabbat (the Sabbath) is observed. Public transportation largely stops, and many shops and restaurants close. Plan your itinerary accordingly. This can be a wonderful time to experience a quieter, more reflective side of the city, but it requires a bit of pre-planning.
Security: Jerusalem is generally a safe city for tourists, but it's always wise to be aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded areas. You'll see a noticeable security presence, which is there to keep everyone safe. Emergency Guide for Tourists
Embrace the Unexpected: Jerusalem has a way of surprising you. Be open to spontaneous conversations, unexpected detours, and simply soaking in the atmosphere. Some of your most cherished memories will likely come from these unplanned moments.
Jerusalem is a city that will challenge, inspire, and deeply move you. By embracing its unique character and getting ready to explore on foot, you’re setting yourself up for an incredible journey.
Public Transport in Jerusalem
Navigating Jerusalem, a city brimming with ancient sites and bustling modern districts, is surprisingly straightforward thanks to its efficient public transportation network. While many of the Old City's treasures are best explored on foot, venturing beyond its walls to places like Yad Vashem, Mahane Yehuda Market, or the Israel Museum requires understanding your transit options. Importantly, remember that most public transportation, including buses and the Light Rail, does not operate during Shabbat (from Friday afternoon/sunset until Saturday nightfall). Plan your travel accordingly for these hours, typically relying on taxis or walking.
Public Transportation Payment: The Rav-Kav Card
Before you even step onto a bus or Light Rail, your best friend will be the Rav-Kav card. This reusable smart card is essential for seamless public transit in Jerusalem and across Israel, as cash payments on buses are no longer accepted. You can purchase an anonymous Rav-Kav card for a small fee (around 5 NIS) at the airport, central bus stations, Light Rail stations, or even some convenience stores like Super-Pharm. Load it with "stored value" (money) or specific travel passes like a daily or weekly contract, which can offer significant savings if you plan to use public transport frequently. It's highly recommended to download the Rav-Kav Online app (or similar like Moovit or HopOn) to easily load credit onto your card using your smartphone (some phones have NFC readers) and to track your balance. Always validate your card by tapping it on the reader when boarding a bus or entering a Light Rail platform.
Light Rail (Tram)
The Jerusalem Light Rail, or "the tram," offers a modern, efficient, and often scenic way to travel through the city's central corridor. It connects key tourist attractions and bustling areas along its single main line, making it a favorite for visitors.
Key Route & Stops: The Light Rail runs between Mount Herzl in the west and Pisgat Ze'ev in the north, passing through major points of interest like the Central Bus Station, Mahane Yehuda Market, Jaffa Street, City Hall, and very close to the Old City's Damascus Gate.
Tickets & Validation: Purchase your ticket or load your Rav-Kav card at the automated machines available at every Light Rail station before you board. These machines offer instructions in English. Once on the tram, validate your ticket or tap your Rav-Kav on the reader inside the carriage. Be aware that ticket inspectors frequently check for valid fares, and heavy fines are issued for non-compliance.
Frequency & Hours: Trams run frequently, typically every 5-10 minutes during the day, making it a convenient option with minimal waiting. Similar to buses, the Light Rail observes Shabbat hours, ceasing operations before sunset on Friday and resuming after nightfall on Saturday.
Tip: The Light Rail is an excellent way to reach Yad Vashem (get off at Mount Herzl station) and to explore the vibrant Mahane Yehuda Market. During peak hours, trains can be crowded, so be prepared for a bustling ride.
Buses
Jerusalem's extensive bus network, primarily operated by Egged, serves as the city's backbone, reaching areas not covered by the Light Rail. They are an excellent way to explore neighborhoods off the main tram line and connect to more remote attractions.
Navigating the Network: While the system is comprehensive, it can sometimes feel a bit complex with numerous routes. Utilize apps like Moovit for real-time bus arrivals, route planning, and step-by-step navigation in English.
Payment & Validation: Remember, cash is not accepted on buses. You must have a loaded Rav-Kav card. Tap your card on the reader located near the bus driver upon boarding to validate your ride. Transfers within 90 minutes of your initial validation are often free.
Operating Hours: Buses generally run from early morning (around 5:30 AM) until late evening (around midnight), with some night lines. On Fridays, services cease approximately an hour before Shabbat begins, resuming about an hour after Shabbat ends on Saturday night.
Tip: Be sure to wave at the bus driver as the bus approaches your stop, as they might not stop automatically if no one signals. Also, prepare for quick departures after boarding; find a seat or hold onto a handle promptly.
Taxi Services
For convenience, late-night travel, or when public transport isn't running (especially on Shabbat), taxis are a readily available option in Jerusalem. They offer direct, door-to-door service, though they are the most expensive mode of transport.
Hailing & Booking: Taxis (typically white in West Jerusalem, yellow in East Jerusalem) can be hailed on the street, found at designated taxi stands, or booked via phone. For reliability and transparency, using a ride-hailing app is highly recommended.
Recommended Apps: Gett (also known as GetTaxi) and Yango are the most popular ride-hailing apps in Israel, functioning similarly to Uber or Lyft. They allow you to order a taxi, see the estimated fare upfront, and pay directly through the app, often by credit card. This helps avoid misunderstandings about fares.
Fares & Meters: By law, taxi drivers are required to use the meter (called a "moneh" in Hebrew) unless you agree on a fixed fare before the journey begins. It's always advisable to insist on the meter unless you've negotiated a clear, favorable fixed price for a specific route (e.g., airport transfers). Fares increase by 25% for night trips (9 PM - 5:30 AM), Shabbat, and Jewish holidays.
Additional Charges: Be aware of potential extra charges for luggage (per item), additional passengers (beyond two), and calling a taxi by phone (a small fee). Tipping is not customary for taxi drivers in Israel, but a small gesture for exceptional service is always appreciated.
Tip: While hailing on the street is common, using an app provides security and fare predictability. If you agree on a fixed fare, ensure it's clearly understood by both parties before setting off.
Transportation Links
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Moovit
Public Transit Guide
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Israel Airports Authority
Airport Information
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Israel Railway
Schedules and Updates
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Egged Bus Company
Schedules and Updates
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Dan Bus Company
Schedules and Updates
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Bus.co.il
Public transportation information
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Cfir
Light Rail Jerusalem
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Rav-Kav
Transportation Card
Get to know Jerusalem
All of Israel’s regions are special in their own way. Here are a few things that are unique about Jerusalem.
Western Wall (Western Wall Plaza):
The Western Wall, is a remnant of the Second Temple, and so it is the holiest site in Judaism. Millions visit to pray and leave notes tucked between the ancient stones. It's free to visit and open 24/7, with separate sections for men and women.
Israel Museum
Housing the Dead Sea Scrolls and vast archaeological collections showcasing Jerusalem's rich history, the Israel Museum is a must for anyone wanting to explore the past. Open Sunday to Thursday 10:00-18:00, Tuesday until 21:00, Friday and Saturday 10:00-14:00. Admission fees apply.
Ticket Price: Adult - 54 NIS, Children - 27 NIS
Mahane Yehuda Market
This bustling marketplace overflows with fresh produce, local delicacies, and lively vendors. Open Sunday to Thursday from early morning until the late afternoon, with shorter hours on Fridays. Closed on Saturdays.
The Via Dolorosa
The Via Dolorosa, or "Way of Suffering," is a poignant path winding through Jerusalem's Old City. It is believed to be the route Jesus walked on while carrying the cross. The path is marked by locations depicting scenes from his journey. Comprised of narrow alleys and past historical sites, this place of pilgrimage for Christians is a fascinating glimpse into Jerusalem's rich history for all visitors.
The Great Synagogue
Jerusalem's Great Synagogue, opened in 1982, is a big and beautiful place for Jewish prayer. It was built to welcome many worshippers and visitors, becoming a central spot for religious life in the city. You'll notice a mix of styles inside, blending traditions from different Jewish communities. Look closely at the stunning stained-glass windows and detailed decorations, all designed with great care. Today, it's a vibrant spiritual hub, especially on Saturdays and holidays when you can experience amazing prayer services.
Walls Promenade
Explore Jerusalem's Old City walls, built by Sultan Suleiman over 450 years ago. You can walk along them for amazing views. The northern part shows you the Christian and Jewish Quarters, including the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the Old City Market. The southern section offers views of the Tower of David and Mishkenot Sha'ananim. Walking these walls is a truly unforgettable experience, blending history with stunning panoramas.
Church of the Holy Sepulchre:
Is believed to be the site of Jesus’s crucifixion and burial. As such this church is a major pilgrimage destination for Christians. It is a shared holy place for several denominations, so expect crowds and wait times. For Opening hours click here
The Tower of David Museum
Situated near the Jaffa Gate, the Tower of David is a citadel offering stunning views of the Old City and Jerusalem. The on-site museum delves into the city's history. Open Sunday to Thursday 9:00-18:00, Friday and Saturday 10:00-16:00.
Ein Karem Neighborhood
A neighborhood brimming with winding streets, historical sites, and serene atmosphere. Ein Karem holds significance for its religious sites. Including the Church of the Visitation, which is believed to be the place where Mary visited her cousin Elizabeth. This neighborhood boasts beautiful monasteries, charming cafes, and art galleries, offering a delightful escape from the bustling Old City.
Western Wall tunnels
In Jerusalem's Old City lies a hidden world—the Western Wall Tunnels. These tunnels allow you to explore the ancient city walls from below, revealing massive stones, old water channels, and hidden chambers. This journey back in time, lets you imagine what Jerusalem was like thousands of years ago.
The City of David
Explore the City of David, an amazing archaeological site right next to Jerusalem's Old City. Even though it's now outside the famous walls, this was actually the very first part of Jerusalem, dating back thousands of years! You can walk through ancient ruins, including what might have been a king's palace and a strong Canaanite fort. Don't miss cool spots like Warren's Shaft and the Shiloach Tunnel for an exciting journey into the past. It's a must-see for anyone wanting to experience Israel's incredible history firsthand!
Mishkenot Sha'ananim
Step outside Jerusalem's Old City walls and explore Mishkenot Sha'ananim and Yemin Moshe, the first neighborhoods built in "New Jerusalem." These historic areas were started in the late 1800s by Jewish benefactor Moshe Montefiore, who even built a famous windmill there to provide flour.
Today, these charming neighborhoods are a lively hub for artists, writers, and academics. You'll find many galleries, restaurants, and cafes to enjoy. Don't miss the Windmill Museum and Montefiore's original carriage for a glimpse into the past!
Dome of the Rock:
This iconic landmark, is an Islamic shrine situated on Temple Mount — a sacred place for both Muslims and Jews. Non-Muslims can visit during designated hours (usually mornings and afternoons except on Fridays and Muslim holidays)
Yad Vashem Museum
Israel's official Holocaust memorial is a sprawling complex dedicated to remembering the victims and survivors of the Holocaust. Displaying exhibits, artifacts, and personal stories which explores the persecution and genocide of European Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. Yad Vashem offers free admission, Yad Vashem is open Sunday to Thursday from 8:30 to 17:00, with extended hours on Tuesdays until 20:00 pm. The complex is closed on Fridays, Saturdays, and Jewish holidays.
Mount Scopus
Offers a breathtaking, unobstructed panoramic view of Jerusalem. Standing at the city's highest point, you can gaze out over the golden domes and ancient walls of the Old City, nestled in the valley below. As Mount of Olives rises in front of you, Jerusalem sprawls outwards in all directions below your very eyes. This vista captures the unique blend of history, religion, and urban development that defines Jerusalem, making it a must-visit for any visitor seeking a postcard-perfect perspective of the Holy City.
Church of Nativity Bethlehem
A short trip from Jerusalem, you'll find Bethlehem, the location of the Church of the Nativity, believed to be the birthplace of Jesus. This beautiful church is one of the oldest continuously used places of worship in Christianity. Inside the spot where Jesus is said to be born is marked by a special silver star on the floor.
The Knesset ( Israeli Parliament )
Israel's Knesset began in 1920, even before the country was officially formed, as the main Jewish authority. After Israel's independence, it became the nation's official parliament and House of Representatives. Today, it's where elected officials from all parties gather to make laws, with elections held every four years.
The current Knesset building, completed in 1966, is a key landmark in Jerusalem's Government Complex. Designed with national symbols in mind, you'll find impressive features like the Knesset Menorah and the Chagall Lounge, which tells the story of the Jewish people through beautiful art. It's a fascinating place to understand Israeli democracy.
Mount Herzl
Mount Herzl, nestled in West Jerusalem, is a deeply significant national site for Israel. It's home to the grave of Theodor Herzl, the visionary of modern Zionism, and serves as Israel's main military cemetery, where many of the nation's leaders and fallen soldiers are laid to rest.
Beyond the graves, you'll find the poignant Garden of the Missing Soldiers and, on the mountain's western slopes, Yad Vashem, Israel's Holocaust memorial. The Herzl Museum also tells the story of Theodor Herzl's life and dreams. Each year, important national memorial ceremonies for fallen soldiers and victims of terrorism take place here, leading into Independence Day celebrations.